Account Structure

AccountId32 and SS58

EmpoorioChain's account type is defined in the runtime as:

pub type AccountId = <<Signature as Verify>::Signer as IdentifyAccount>::AccountId;
pub type Signature = MultiSignature;

This resolves to a standard Substrate AccountId32: a 32-byte value derived from an sr25519, ed25519, or ecdsa keypair. It is normally displayed in SS58 format — a base58-encoded address with a network-specific prefix and checksum, similar in spirit to Bitcoin's Base58Check, but distinct from Ethereum's 0x-prefixed hex addresses.

Every native account on EmpoorioChain — a user's wallet, a pallet's treasury account, the faucet, an AI reward pool — is an AccountId32. There is no separate "program-derived" or off-curve address type at the account layer; where a pallet needs a deterministic, unsigned account for its own internal bookkeeping (a pool address, a treasury account), it derives one using standard Substrate primitives, but this is a pallet-level implementation detail, not a distinct account type developers work with directly the way program-derived addresses on other chains are.

The EVM layer: H160 addresses

EmpoorioChain ships an EVM compatibility pallet (pallet-evm + pallet-ethereum, part of the Frontier stack), so 20-byte, 0x-prefixed H160 addresses exist too — but only inside that EVM execution environment. Every H160 address is mapped back to a native AccountId32 through pallet_evm::HashedAddressMapping<BlakeTwo256>: a one-way Blake2-256 hash derivation, not a truncated or reversible 1:1 mapping. An EVM address and its corresponding native account are two different-looking identifiers linked by a deterministic hash, not the same bytes viewed two ways.

Existential Deposit

Accounts must hold a minimum DMS balance, the Existential Deposit (ED), to exist in on-chain state. Accounts whose balance falls below the ED are reaped (removed from state). The runtime currently sets:

ExistentialDeposit: Balance = 10_000_000_000_000_000; // 0.01 DMS at 18 decimals

Although it functions differently from other chains' per-byte rent-exemption model (EmpoorioChain doesn't scale the ED by account data size the way some chains scale rent by account size), the underlying motivation is similar: keep chain state bounded by discouraging a proliferation of empty or near-empty accounts.